Uburyo bwibanze bwo gutunganya amazi mabi ni ugukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwa tekiniki kugirango utandukanye, ukureho kandi utunganyirize imyanda ihumanya imyanda n’amazi y’amazi, cyangwa kuyahindura ibintu bitagira ingaruka kugirango usukure amazi.
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gutunganya imyanda, ishobora gushyirwa mubice bine, aribyo kuvura ibinyabuzima, kuvura umubiri, kuvura imiti no kuvura bisanzwe.
1. Kuvura ibinyabuzima
Binyuze muri metabolism ya mikorobe, imyanda ihumanya muburyo bwo gukemura, colloide hamwe no guhagarika neza mumazi mabi bihinduka mubintu bitajegajega kandi bitagira ingaruka. Ukurikije ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, kuvura ibinyabuzima bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: kuvura ibinyabuzima byo mu kirere no kuvura ibinyabuzima bya anaerobic.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibinyabuzima byo mu kirere bikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya ibinyabuzima by’amazi mabi. Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora, uburyo bwo kuvura ibinyabuzima byo mu kirere bigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: uburyo bwo gukora sludge hamwe nuburyo bwa biofilm. Gukora sludge inzira ubwayo nigice cyo kuvura, gifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora. Ibikoresho byo kuvura uburyo bwa biofilm burimo biofilter, biologiya ihindagurika, ikigega cyo guhuza ibinyabuzima hamwe nigitanda cya fluidiside biologiya, nibindi. Kuvura ibinyabuzima bya Anaerobic, bizwi kandi ko ari uburyo bwo kugabanya ibinyabuzima, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutunganya amazi mabi y’amazi menshi.
2. Kuvura umubiri
Uburyo bwo gutandukanya no kugarura ibyuka bihumanya bidasubirwaho (harimo firime ya peteroli nigitonyanga cyamavuta) mumazi yanduye nibikorwa byumubiri birashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwo gutandukanya imbaraga, uburyo bwo gutandukanya centrifugal hamwe nuburyo bwo kugumana. Ibice bivura biri muburyo bwo gutandukanya imbaraga rukuruzi zirimo gutembera, kureremba (flotation yo mu kirere), nibindi, kandi ibikoresho bihuye nabyo ni grit chambre, ikigega cyimyanda, umutego wamavuta, ikigega cya flotation hamwe nibikoresho byacyo bifasha, nibindi.; gutandukanya centrifugal ubwayo nuburyo bwo kuvura, ibikoresho byo gutunganya bikoreshwa birimo centrifuge na hydrocyclone, nibindi.; uburyo bwo kubika ecran ifite ibice bibiri byo gutunganya: grid ecran yo kugumana no kuyungurura. Iyambere ikoresha gride na ecran, mugihe iyanyuma ikoresha filteri yumucanga na microporous filter, nibindi. Uburyo bwo kuvura bushingiye ku ihame ryo guhana ubushyuhe nabwo ni uburyo bwo kuvura umubiri, kandi ibice byabwo bivura birimo guhumeka no korohereza.
3. Kuvura imiti
Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi atandukanya kandi akanakuraho imyanda yanduye na colloidal mumazi mabi cyangwa akayahindura mubintu bitagira ingaruka binyuze mumiti yimiti no guhererekanya imbaga. Muburyo bwo kuvura imiti, ibice bitunganya bishingiye kumiti yimiti ya dose ni: coagulation, kutabogama, redox, nibindi.; mugihe ibice bitunganya bishingiye kubimurwa rusange ni: gukuramo, kwiyambura, kwiyambura, adsorption, guhanahana ion, electrodialysis na revers osmose, nibindi. Ibice bibiri byanyuma bitunganyirizwa hamwe byitwa tekinoroji yo gutandukanya membrane. Muri byo, ishami rishinzwe kuvura hakoreshejwe ihererekanyabubasha rifite ibikorwa bya shimi ndetse n’ibikorwa bifatika bifitanye isano, bityo birashobora no gutandukana nuburyo bwo kuvura imiti hanyuma bigahinduka ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, bwitwa uburyo bwa chimique physique.
ishusho
Uburyo rusange bwo gutunganya imyanda
1. Kugabanya amazi mabi
Ibipimo byanduye nkibikomoka kuri peteroli, CODcr na BOD5 mumazi yangirika ni menshi cyane. Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo gukuramo aside, centrifugation cyangwa gukuramo solvent. Uburyo bwo gukuramo aside burakoreshwa cyane, wongeyeho H2SO4 kugirango uhindure agaciro ka pH kuri 3-4 kugirango ucike intege, guhumeka no kuvanga umunyu, hanyuma ugahagarara kuri 45-60 t kuri 2-4 h, amavuta agenda areremba buhoro buhoro kugirango akore amavuta. urwego. Kugarura amavuta birashobora kugera kuri 96%, kandi gukuraho CODcr birenze 92%. Mubisanzwe, ubwinshi bwamavuta mumazi yinjira mumazi ni 8-10g / L, naho ubwinshi bwamavuta mumazi atemba ni munsi ya 0.1 g / L. Amavuta yagaruwe yongeye gutunganywa no guhindurwamo aside irike ivanze ishobora gukoreshwa mugukora isabune.
2. Kugabanya no gukuraho umusatsi wanduye
Kugabanya no gukuraho umusatsi w’amazi arimo proteyine, lime, sodium sulfide, ibinini byahagaritswe, 28% bya CODcr yose, 92% ya S2- yose, na 75% bya SS yose. Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo aside, imvura igwa hamwe na okiside.
Uburyo bwa acide bukoreshwa kenshi mubikorwa. Mugihe cyumuvuduko mubi, ongeramo H2SO4 kugirango uhindure agaciro ka pH kuri 4-4.5, ubyare gaze ya H2S, uyinjize hamwe numuti wa NaOH, hanyuma utange alkali ya sulfurize kugirango ikoreshwe. Poroteyine zishonga zigwa mu mazi y’amazi arayungurura, arakaraba, akuma. guhinduka ibicuruzwa. Igipimo cyo gukuraho sulfide gishobora kugera kuri 90%, naho CODcr na SS bigabanukaho 85% na 95%. Igiciro cyacyo ni gito, ibikorwa byibyakozwe biroroshye, byoroshye kugenzura, kandi umusaruro uragabanuka.
3. Chrome itunganya amazi mabi
Umwanda wingenzi wa chrome tanning amazi yanduye nicyuma kiremereye Cr3 +, ubwinshi bwikigereranyo ni 3-4g / L, kandi agaciro ka pH ni acide nkeya. Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo imvura ya alkali no gutunganya neza. 90% by'ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo bikoresha uburyo bwo kugwa kwa alkali, ukongeramo lime, hydroxide ya sodium, okiside ya magnesium, nibindi kugirango wangize amazi ya chromium, ukabyitwaramo kandi ukabura umwuma kugirango ubone amavuta arimo chromium, ashobora kongera gukoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gutwika nyuma yo gushonga muri acide sulfurique .
Mugihe cyo kubyitwaramo, agaciro ka pH ni 8.2-8.5, kandi imvura ni nziza kuri 40 ° C. Imvura ya alkali ni okiside ya magnesium, igipimo cyo kugarura chromium ni 99%, kandi ubwinshi bwa chromium mumazi ntikiri munsi ya mg / L. Nyamara, ubu buryo bukwiranye n’uruhu runini, kandi umwanda nkamavuta ya elegitoronike hamwe na poroteyine mu cyondo cya chrome cyongeye gukoreshwa bizagira ingaruka ku ruhu.
4. Amazi yuzuye
4.1. Sisitemu yo kwitegura: Harimo cyane cyane ibikoresho byo kuvura nka grille, kugenzura ikigega, ikigega cy’imitsi hamwe n’ikigega cyo mu kirere. Ubwinshi bwibintu kama nibishobora guhagarikwa mumazi yanduye ni menshi. Sisitemu yo kwitegura ikoreshwa muguhindura amazi nubuziranenge bwamazi; kuvanaho SS n'ibikoresho byahagaritswe; gabanya igice cyumutwaro wanduye kandi ushireho uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ibinyabuzima nyuma.
4.2. Sisitemu yo gutunganya ibinyabuzima: ρ (CODcr) y’amazi yanduye muri rusange ni 3000-4000 mg / L, ρ (BOD5) ni 1000-2000mg / L, ikaba ari iy'amazi mabi y’amazi menshi, m (BOD5) / m (CODcr) Ni 0.3-0.6, ibereye kuvura biologiya. Kugeza ubu, umwobo wa okiside, SBR hamwe na okiside ya biologiya ikoreshwa cyane mu Bushinwa, mu gihe indege, indege ya biofilm (SBBR), uburiri bwuzuye amazi hamwe nigitanda cya anaerobic sludge (UASB).
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-17-2023
